中文簡介

女權(quán)主義是一系列政治運(yùn)動(dòng)、意識(shí)形態(tài)和社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，它們有一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo):定義、確立和實(shí)現(xiàn)性別的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、個(gè)人和社會(huì)平等。這包括消除對性別的刻板印象，尋求為女性創(chuàng)造與男性平等的教育和職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)并繼續(xù)為婦女的權(quán)利而運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括投票權(quán)、擔(dān)任公職的權(quán)利、工作的權(quán)利、獲得公平工資或同工同酬的權(quán)利、擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利、接受教育的權(quán)利、簽訂合同的權(quán)利、婚姻中享有平等權(quán)利和產(chǎn)假的權(quán)利。女權(quán)主義者還努力確保合法墮胎和社會(huì)融合，保護(hù)婦女和女孩免受強(qiáng)奸、性騷擾和家庭暴力。改變衣著和可接受的體育活動(dòng)常常是女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)是一個(gè)重大歷史背后的主要力量為婦女權(quán)利的社會(huì)變化,尤其是在西方,他們普遍認(rèn)為,實(shí)現(xiàn)婦女選舉權(quán),性別中立的英語,對女性生育權(quán)(包括節(jié)育和墮胎),和進(jìn)入合同和擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利。[6]中國英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)雖然女權(quán)主義的倡導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在和過去主要集中在婦女的權(quán)利上，但是一些女權(quán)主義者，包括貝爾·胡克斯在內(nèi)，主張將男性解放納入其目標(biāo)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為男性也受到傳統(tǒng)性別角色的傷害。[7]女性主義理論起源于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)，旨在通過考察女性的社會(huì)角色和生活經(jīng)歷來理解性別不平等的本質(zhì);它發(fā)展了各種學(xué)科的理論，以回應(yīng)有關(guān)性別的問題許多女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)和意識(shí)形態(tài)的發(fā)展，代表了不同的觀點(diǎn)和目標(biāo)。一些女權(quán)主義形式被批評只考慮白人、中產(chǎn)階級和受過大學(xué)教育的人的觀點(diǎn)。這種批判導(dǎo)致了特定種族或多元文化形式的女權(quán)主義的產(chǎn)生，包括黑人女權(quán)主義和跨部門的女權(quán)主義。

　　英文簡介

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the genders.[1][2][3] This includes fighting gender stereotypes and seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to earn fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to receive education, to enter contracts, to have equal rights within marriage, and to have maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to legal abortions and social integration, and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence.[4] Changes in dress and acceptable physical activity have often been part of feminist movements.[5]Some scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for women's rights, particularly in the West, where they are near-universally credited with achieving women's suffrage, gender neutrality in English, reproductive rights for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property.[6] Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women's rights, some feminists, including bell hooks, argue for the inclusion of men's liberation within its aims because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles.[7] Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender.[8][9]Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and college-educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism and intersectional feminism.

　　近年期刊影響因子趨勢圖